[ProgressiveEd] Fwd: [rsct] Why We Opt Out

[email protected] [email protected]
Sun, 16 Mar 2003 00:14:52 EST


--part1_174.17d85cec.2ba5624c_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
I think this is an excellent, well written article from a parent's point of 
view of why they choose to opt out of standardized tests for their kids. Carol
--part1_174.17d85cec.2ba5624c_boundary
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Disposition: inline
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from  rly-xh02.mx.aol.com (rly-xh02.mail.aol.com [172.20.115.231]) by air-xh05.mail.aol.com (v92.17) with ESMTP id MAILINXH54-a5e3e71fd522f4; Fri, 14 Mar 2003 11:03:34 -0500
Received: from  out7.mx.nwbl.wi.voyager.net (out7.mx.nwbl.wi.voyager.net [169.207.3.125]) by rly-xh02.mx.aol.com (v92.16) with ESMTP id MAILRELAYINXH29-4913e71fd1322b; Fri, 14 Mar 2003 11:02:29 1900
Received: from lists.core.com (lists.core.com [169.207.1.85])
	by out7.mx.nwbl.wi.voyager.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id 9C26E1E9DC; Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:02:26 -0600 (CST)
Received: from lists.core.com (LOCALHOST [127.0.0.1])
	by lists.core.com (8.11.4/8.11.4/1.6) with ESMTP id h2EG3gl60285;
	Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:03:42 -0600 (CST)
Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net (tisch.mail.mindspring.net [207.69.200.157])
	by lists.core.com (8.11.4/8.11.4/1.6) with ESMTP id h2EG2ul60194
	for <[email protected]>; Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:02:56 -0600 (CST)
Received: from user-112u43e.biz.mindspring.com ([66.47.16.110] helo=Monty)
	by tisch.mail.mindspring.net with smtp (Exim 3.33 #1)
	id 18trcj-0000nH-00; Fri, 14 Mar 2003 11:01:33 -0500
Message-ID: <004e01c2ea43$5d684c60$09fea8c0@Monty>
From: "Monty Neill" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>,
        "RScriticalteach" <[email protected]>,
        "five-point-plan" <[email protected]>,
        <[email protected]>, "ARN-L" <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 11:04:16 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="multipart/alternative";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_004A_01C2EA19.744D2510"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1106
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106
Subject: [rsct] Why We Opt Out
Sender: [email protected]
Errors-To: [email protected]
X-BeenThere: [email protected]
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Help: <mailto:[email protected]?subject=help>
List-Post: <mailto:[email protected]>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.core.com/mailman/listinfo/rscriticalteach>,
	<mailto:[email protected]?subject=subscribe>
List-Id: RSCT - Rethinking Schools <rscriticalteach.lists.core.com>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.core.com/mailman/listinfo/rscriticalteach>,
	<mailto:[email protected]?subject=unsubscribe>
------=_NextPart_000_004A_01C2EA19.744D2510
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_001_004B_01C2EA19.744D2510"
------=_NextPart_001_004B_01C2EA19.744D2510
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
=20
      Education Week
      American Education's Newspaper of Record=20
      http://www.edweek.org/ew/ew_printstory.cfm?slug=3D26hamel.h22
      March 12, 2003
      State-Mandated Testing:=20
      Why We Opt Out
      By Catherine Ross Hamel & Fred L. Hamel
      Education Week
            When it comes to testing mandates, we exercise our rights as par=
ents to protect our children from activities not in their interests.=20
          =20
      When district- or state-mandated testing comes around in our children'=
s public schools, we opt out. We inform our kids' teachers and principal in=20=
writing that we do not want our children taking the tests. Each year, for th=
e past six years, our requests have been respectfully accommodated.=20
      This isn't a decision we make lightly. Schools have important work to=20=
do in the area of reform: to better challenge and engage all children. But w=
hen it comes to testing mandates, we exercise our rights as parents to prote=
ct our children from activities not in their interests. In our view, such te=
sts diminish the work of teaching and ask children to carry the burden of bu=
ilding public confidence in schools.=20
      The purpose of mandated tests is to provide a snapshot of student perf=
ormance in a way that informs school decisionmakers, parents, and community=20=
members. These groups need a way to determine what students know and how wel=
l schools work in order to make knowledgeable decisions. Our belief, however=
, is that any decision based solely on the results of a mandated test, even=20=
a well-designed test with proven reliability, is a poorly informed decision.=
 The snapshot of learning that comes from such tests is too incomplete a pic=
ture. It's a moment in time, a shot taken from a single, distant angle.=20
      We think it's imperative to have a more complete understanding- for th=
e picture to contain multiple perspectives over time, that it be well-focuse=
d, true to color, and capable of both wide-angle view and close-up detail. W=
e don't want decisions about what is taught, how schools perform, how to sup=
port students, or which kids graduate to be made from anything less than tha=
t.=20
      =20
      A high-stakes testing environment, we have seen repeatedly, generates=20=
an unproductive tension for teachers, tension between what they know about t=
heir students and what they must do for the sake of the test. Teachers may f=
eel pressure to cover material quickly, or earlier, to fit the testing sched=
ule, rather than a developmental sequence. Innovative units are reduced, or=20=
come to an end, so that test preparation can begin. Families are encouraged=20=
to make sure their kids "eat well" and "get a good night's sleep" before tes=
ting days (what about learning days?).=20
                  A high-stakes testing environment, we have seen repeatedly=
, generates an unproductive tension for teachers.=20
            =20
      These are well-intended efforts. But as schools carry out their mandat=
ed testing, they are forced to shift their energies away from what educators=
 know about kids and learning and toward representing themselves in simplist=
ic ways for public consumption. We believe, further, that many adults workin=
g in schools recognize this oversimplification. But they're in a difficult p=
lace to object. Such objections must come from outside the schools.=20
      Typically, we submit a letter to the school that reads something like=20=
this:=20
        We would like to request that our child not participate in the Washi=
ngton Assessment of Student Learning testing this spring. We understand that=
 the district is mandated to collect such test data. However, we prefer that=
 our daughter be engaged in learning activities during testing times.=20
        We've discussed our decision with our daughter and her teachers, and=
 we are working together to develop a plan for her during testing times that=
 will work for everyone.=20
        Thank you for considering our request. We appreciate the positive an=
d rich learning environment that you help create and support at [our school]=
.
      In our letter, we support those who educate our children, affirming th=
at we trust what they know about students more than what a company-scored te=
st can reveal. During Iowa Tests of Basic Skills and WASL testing in recent=20=
years, our kids' teachers have allowed them to work on meaningful alternativ=
e activities- activities we believe are more geared to their learning needs.=
 Last year, during mandated testing, our son worked on a story he's been wri=
ting avidly about two parakeets like the ones he has at home. In 4th grade,=20=
a testing year in our state, our daughter did an independent project about s=
ea animals.=20
      =20
      Many argue that mandated tests are a step in the right direction. They=
 move instruction to a higher level, motivate students, and encourage comple=
x problem- solving skills. We see some evidence of this, but we aren't encou=
raged. The collateral costs are simply too high. In our state, the WASL's ab=
ility to effect change in schools comes from the power it has, even as a cri=
terion- referenced test, to cast students as winners and losers. We do not w=
ant our children cast in either role.=20
            We are not against standards. We support the kinds of student as=
sessment needed to make sound educational decisions within a classroom. =20
          =20
      Winners receive the unproductive message that learning is about making=
 the cut. They are applauded precisely because the standard is set so high-i=
n other words, high enough to ensure that there will be losers. And losers a=
re designated as substandard. The reform process is properly invested in stu=
dents who need more motivation, support, and challenge. But there are others=
 in this losing group already motivated for school, well-taught, and learnin=
g in a manner consistent with their abilities and needs. Here, the rhetoric=20=
of test- based reform omits a disturbing reality: Its gains come at the pain=
ful expense of such students-that is, those responding to school appropriate=
ly but now designated as inadequate. To subject any learner to such collater=
al costs, and to ignore, minimize, or sugarcoat the effects, is, in our view=
, a misuse of administrative power.=20
      We are not against standards. We support the kinds of student assessme=
nt needed to make sound educational decisions within a classroom. We believe=
 every child can be challenged to exceed his or her own expectations. We are=
 compelled to speak out, however, when parents and community members are led=
 to believe that the best way to address these issues is for children to pre=
pare for and complete hours of mandated testing. Our job as parents, as we s=
ee it, is to insist that community leaders respond thoughtfully to failures=20=
and dilemmas in schools-in ways that avoid oversimplification. We withdraw o=
ur support from practices that expect children to pay the price for improvin=
g public confidence in schools. That's why we opt out-to preserve the best o=
f what public schools have to offer our kids.
      Fred L. Hamel and Catherine Ross Hamel have two children in the public=
 schools in Tacoma, Wash. Ms. Hamel is a speech-language pathologist in Taco=
ma-area schools. Mr. Hamel is an assistant professor of education at the Uni=
versity of Puget Sound in Tacoma.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
      =A9 2002 Editorial Projects in Education  Vol. 22, number 26, page 32,=
34 =20
Monty Neill, Ed.D.
Executive Director
FairTest
342 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 02139
617-864-4810    fax 617-497-2224
[email protected]
http://www.fairtest.org
------=_NextPart_001_004B_01C2EA19.744D2510
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1106" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><!-- BEGIN WEBSIDESTORY CODE v6.8 (no 1.0)--><!-- CO=
PYRIGHT 1997-2001 WEBSIDESTORY, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. U.S.PATENT PENDING=
. Privacy notice at: http://websidestory.com/privacy -->
<SCRIPT language=3Djavascript>document.write("<\!--");</SCRIPT>  <FONT face=3D=
"Times New Roman">&nbsp;<!--<noscript>  <img src=3D"http://ehg-editorialpro.=
hitbox.com/HG?hc=3Dwe12&cd=3D1&hv=3D6&ce=3Du&hb=3DDM511205LPDB68EN3&n=3DJS+D=
isabled&vcon=3DCONTENT+CATEGORY&seg=3D" border=3D'0' width=3D'1' height=3D'1=
'><A HREF=3D"http://ehg-editorialpro.hitbox.com/HG?hc=3Dwe12&cd=3D1&hv=3D6&c=
e=3Du&hb=3DDM511205LPDB68EN3&n=3DJS+Disabled&vcon=3DCONTENT+CATEGORY&seg=3D"=
>http://ehg-editorialpro.hitbox.com/HG?hc=3Dwe12&cd=3D1&hv=3D6&ce=3Du&hb=3DD=
M511205LPDB68EN3&n=3DJS+Disabled&vcon=3DCONTENT+CATEGORY&seg=3D</A>  </noscr=
ipt><!--//--><!-- END WEBSIDESTORY CODE  --></FONT>  <DIV align=3Dleft>  <TA=
BLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D590 border=3D0>    <TBODY>    <T=
R>      <TD>        <H2>Education Week</H2>American Education's Newspaper of=
 Record         <P style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 60%"><FONT size=3D3><A         href=3D=
"http://www.edweek.org/ew/ew_printstory.cfm?slug=3D26hamel.h22">http://www.e=
dweek.org/ew/ew_printstory.cfm?slug=3D26hamel.h22</A></FONT><BR><STRONG>Marc=
h         12, 2003</STRONG></P>        <P style=3D"FONT-SIZE: large; COLOR:=20=
#006699"><STRONG>State-Mandated         Testing: <BR>Why We Opt Out</STRONG>=
</P>        <P></P>        <P style=3D"COLOR: black">By Catherine Ross Hamel=
 &amp; Fred L.         Hamel<BR><I>Education Week</I></P>        <P><I></I><=
/P>        <P></P>        <P><!---START RIGHT PULLQUOTE TABLE HERE--->     =20=
  <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D175 align=3Dright border=3D=
0>          <TBODY>          <TR>            <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D10 hei=
ght=3D86><IMG height=3D1               src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/galle=
ry/spacer.gif" width=3D1></TD>            <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D1 bgColor=3D=
#006699 height=3D86><IMG height=3D1               src=3D"http://www.edweek.o=
rg/ew/gallery/spacer.gif" width=3D1></TD>            <TD width=3D164 height=3D=
86>              <DIV align=3Dleft>              <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cell=
Padding=3D5 width=3D164 align=3Dright border=3D0>                <TBODY>   =20=
            <TR>                  <TD><FONT face=3D"Verdana, Arial, Helvetic=
a, sans-serif"                     color=3D#006699 size=3D2><B>When it comes=
 to testing mandates, we                     exercise our rights as parents=20=
to protect our children from                     activities not in their   =20=
           interests.</B></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD></TR></=
TBODY></TABLE><!--END RIGHT PULLQUOTE TABLE-->        <P>When district- or s=
tate-mandated testing comes around in our children's         public schools,=
 we opt out. We inform our kids' teachers and principal in         writing t=
hat we do not want our children taking the tests. Each year, for         the=
 past six years, our requests have been respectfully accommodated.         <=
P>This isn't a decision we make lightly. Schools have important work to    =20=
    do in the area of reform: to better challenge and engage all children. B=
ut         when it comes to testing mandates, we exercise our rights as pare=
nts to         protect our children from activities not in their interests.=20=
In our view,         such tests diminish the work of teaching and ask childr=
en to carry the         burden of building public confidence in schools.   =20=
     <P>The purpose of mandated tests is to provide a snapshot of student  =20=
      performance in a way that informs school decisionmakers, parents, and=20=
        community members. These groups need a way to determine what student=
s know         and how well schools work in order to make knowledgeable deci=
sions. Our         belief, however, is that any decision based solely on the=
 results of a         mandated test, even a well-designed test with proven r=
eliability, is a         poorly informed decision. The snapshot of learning=20=
that comes from such         tests is too incomplete a picture. It's a momen=
t in time, a shot taken         from a single, distant angle.         <P>We=20=
think it's imperative to have a more complete understanding=97 for the     =20=
   picture to contain multiple perspectives over time, that it be         we=
ll-focused, true to color, and capable of both wide-angle view and         c=
lose-up detail. We don't want decisions about what is taught, how schools  =20=
      perform, how to support students, or which kids graduate to be made fr=
om         anything less than that.         <P>        <P><IMG height=3D1 sr=
c=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/n_spacer_blue.gif"         width=3D435=
>         <P>A high-stakes testing environment, we have seen repeatedly, gen=
erates         an unproductive tension for teachers, tension between what th=
ey know about         their students and what they must do for the sake of t=
he test. Teachers         may feel pressure to cover material quickly, or ea=
rlier, to fit the         testing schedule, rather than a developmental sequ=
ence. Innovative units         are reduced, or come to an end, so that test=20=
preparation can begin.         Families are encouraged to make sure their ki=
ds "eat well" and "get a good         night's sleep" before testing days (wh=
at about learning days?).         <P><!---START LEFT PULLQUOTE TABLE--->   =20=
    <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D175 align=3Dleft border=3D=
0>          <TBODY>          <TR>            <TD width=3D164>              <=
TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D5 width=3D164 align=3Dright border=3D0>=20=
               <TBODY>                <TR>                  <TD align=3Drigh=
t><FONT                     face=3D"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" c=
olor=3D#006699                     size=3D2><B>A high-stakes testing environ=
ment, we have seen                     repeatedly, generates an unproductive=
 tension for                     teachers.</B></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TAB=
LE></TD>            <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D1 bgColor=3D#006699><IMG height=3D=
1               src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif" width=3D=
1></TD>            <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D10><IMG height=3D1             =20=
 src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif"           width=3D1></T=
D></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!---------END LEFT PULLQUOTE TABLE---->These       =20=
 are well-intended efforts. But as schools carry out their mandated        =20=
testing, they are forced to shift their energies away from what educators  =20=
      know about kids and learning and toward representing themselves in   =20=
     simplistic ways for public consumption. We believe, further, that many=20=
        adults working in schools recognize this oversimplification. But the=
y're         in a difficult place to object. Such objections must come from=20=
outside the         schools.         <P>Typically, we submit a letter to the=
 school that reads something like         this:         <P>        <BLOCKQUO=
TE><I>We would like to request that our child not participate           in t=
he Washington Assessment of Student Learning testing this spring. We       =20=
   understand that the district is mandated to collect such test data.     =20=
     However, we prefer that our daughter be engaged in learning activities=20=
          during testing times.           <P>We've discussed our decision wi=
th our daughter and her teachers, and           we are working together to d=
evelop a plan for her during testing times           that will work for ever=
yone.           <P>Thank you for considering our request. We appreciate the=20=
positive and           rich learning environment that you help create and su=
pport at [our           school].</I></P></BLOCKQUOTE>        <P>        <P>I=
n our letter, we support those who educate our children, affirming         t=
hat we trust what they know about students more than what a         company-=
scored test can reveal. During Iowa Tests of Basic Skills and WASL         t=
esting in recent years, our kids' teachers have allowed them to work on    =20=
    meaningful alternative activities=97 activities we believe are more gear=
ed         to their learning needs. Last year, during mandated testing, our=20=
son         worked on a story he's been writing avidly about two parakeets l=
ike the         ones he has at home. In 4th grade, a testing year in our sta=
te, our         daughter did an independent project about sea animals.     =20=
   <P>        <P>        <P><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/=
gallery/n_spacer_blue.gif"         width=3D435>         <P>Many argue that m=
andated tests are a step in the right direction. They         move instructi=
on to a higher level, motivate students, and encourage         complex probl=
em- solving skills. We see some evidence of this, but we         aren't enco=
uraged. The collateral costs are simply too high. In our state,         the=20=
WASL's ability to effect change in schools comes from the power it         h=
as, even as a criterion- referenced test, to cast students as winners and  =20=
      losers. We do not want our children cast in either role.         <P><!=
---START RIGHT PULLQUOTE TABLE HERE--->        <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPa=
dding=3D0 width=3D175 align=3Dright border=3D0>          <TBODY>          <T=
R>            <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D10 height=3D86><IMG height=3D1      =20=
        src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif" width=3D1></TD>=20=
           <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D1 bgColor=3D#006699 height=3D86><IMG hei=
ght=3D1               src=3D"http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif" wi=
dth=3D1></TD>            <TD width=3D164 height=3D86>              <DIV alig=
n=3Dleft>              <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D5 width=3D164 al=
ign=3Dright border=3D0>                <TBODY>                <TR>         =20=
        <TD><FONT face=3D"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"           =20=
         color=3D#006699 size=3D2><B>We are not against standards. We      =20=
              support the kinds of student assessment needed to make sound =20=
                   educational decisions within a classroom.               =20=
 </B></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--EN=
D RIGHT PULLQUOTE TABLE-->        <P>Winners receive the unproductive messag=
e that learning is about making         the cut. They are applauded precisel=
y because the standard is set so         high=97in other words, high enough=20=
to ensure that there will be losers. And         losers are designated as su=
bstandard. The reform process is properly         invested in students who n=
eed more motivation, support, and challenge. But         there are others in=
 this losing group already motivated for school,         well-taught, and le=
arning in a manner consistent with their abilities and         needs. Here,=20=
the rhetoric of test- based reform omits a disturbing         reality: Its g=
ains come at the painful expense of such students=97that is,         those r=
esponding to school appropriately but now designated as inadequate.        =20=
To subject any learner to such collateral costs, and to ignore, minimize,  =20=
      or sugarcoat the effects, is, in our view, a misuse of administrative=20=
        power.         <P>We are not against standards. We support the kinds=
 of student         assessment needed to make sound educational decisions wi=
thin a classroom.         We believe every child can be challenged to exceed=
 his or her own         expectations. We are compelled to speak out, however=
, when parents and         community members are led to believe that the bes=
t way to address these         issues is for children to prepare for and com=
plete hours of mandated         testing. Our job as parents, as we see it, i=
s to insist that community         leaders respond thoughtfully to failures=20=
and dilemmas in schools=97in ways         that avoid oversimplification. We=20=
withdraw our support from practices that         expect children to pay the=20=
price for improving public confidence in         schools. That's why we opt=20=
out=97to preserve the best of what public schools         have to offer our=20=
kids.</P>        <P style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 75%"><A name=3Dauthor></A><I>Fred L.=
 Hamel and         Catherine Ross Hamel have two children in the public scho=
ols in Tacoma,         Wash. Ms. Hamel is a speech-language pathologist in T=
acoma-area schools.         Mr. Hamel is an assistant professor of education=
 at the University of         Puget Sound in Tacoma.</I></P>        <P></P>=20=
       <P></P>        <P></P>        <P></P>        <HR color=3D#cc9900 noSh=
ade SIZE=3D1>        <SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 60%; COLOR: black">=A9 2002 E=
ditorial Projects in         Education <IMG height=3D1 src=3D"http://www.edw=
eek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif"         width=3D120> Vol. 22,&nbsp;number 26,=
&nbsp;page 32,34   </SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></FONT></DIV>  <DI=
V><FONT face=3DArial>Monty Neill, Ed.D.<BR>Executive   Director<BR>FairTest<=
BR>342 Broadway<BR>Cambridge, MA   02139<BR>617-864-4810&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f=
ax 617-497-2224<BR><A   href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]=
g</A><BR><A   href=3D"http://www.fairtest.org">http://www.fairtest.org</A></=
FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML> =20
------=_NextPart_001_004B_01C2EA19.744D2510--
------=_NextPart_000_004A_01C2EA19.744D2510
Content-Type: image/gif; name="spacer.gif"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/spacer.gif
R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==
------=_NextPart_000_004A_01C2EA19.744D2510
Content-Type: image/gif; name="n_spacer_blue.gif"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://www.edweek.org/ew/gallery/n_spacer_blue.gif
R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAABmmQAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==
------=_NextPart_000_004A_01C2EA19.744D2510--
--part1_174.17d85cec.2ba5624c_boundary--